Definition: Reduction refers to the condensing of music on to two keyboard staves, and not to the omission of any notes present in the original score... every note in the original score must appear in a two-stave reduction. In other words, a reduction is a literal transcription on to two staves. There should be no additional notes in a reduction.
See also: Page on Two-Stave Reduction
Taken from: Unit 15, p.30
Definition: Every major key has a relative minor, and every minor key has a relative major. Relative majors and minors always share the same key signature. The minor's key not is always a minor third lower than the major's.
Examples: E Flat Major is the relative major of C Minor - C Minor is the relative minor of E Flat Major
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Further info: Chord cards and Circle of Fifths diagram for each key's relative major or minor
Taken from: Unit 7, p.18
Definition: The word rhythm refers to music's temporal structure - the way its 'timescale is organized. This structure is the product of two processes, first the manipulation of duration (how long sounds last) and second, the manipulation of accent (how much stress sounds carry)'.
Taken from: Unit 1, p.6
Definition: The root is the fundamental or generating note for the other notes of the triad and thus for all chords derived from the triad.
Taken from: Unit 5, p.51