Definition: Scherzo is Italian for 'joke'
Taken from: Unit 1, p.11
Definition: A sequence is produced when a short section of the theme is repeated (not necessarily exactly), beginning on either a higher note, a rising sequence, or a lower one, a falling sequence.
Extra info: You can have a sequence in any part of the texture
The repetition is immediate: no new material can be introduced between each unit of the sequence. If it were, you would be dealing with a repeated motif or figure, not a sequence
Taken from: Unit 16, p.72
Definition: The term sonata was used for a great number of works, especiailly in the period c.1650 - 1850. It was used earlier and later as well, and in the first place meant nothing more than the piece was played. After about 1650, beginning in Italy, 'Sonata' came to mean a piece of music for a soloist or small group, usually in 3 or 4 distinct movements.
The Italian word 'sonata' means 'sounded' rather than sung
Taken from: Unit 9, p.24
Definition: The essence of the sonata principle is its clearly articulate key scheme - a relatively simple key scheme that forms the basis for the drama of the work. This structure (and its minor key version) is shared by thousands of movements composed in the 18th and 19th Centuries.
Taken from: Unit 10, p.46 - 48
Definition: ... a long bar, spreads over from one line of music to the next... This is known as a split bar.
Taken from: Unit 15, p.33
Definition: Sometimes it is appropriate to use the term subject instead of theme. We might, for instance, refer to the theme of a fugue as its subject. In sonata form, too, the different themes can be called first and second subjects (or, indeed, first and second groups: Unit 10, p.57)
Taken from: Unit 16, p.70
Definition: Syncopation is the displacement of a musical accent from a relatively strongly accented note onto a note that would normally be unaccented or only weakly accented.
Taken from: Unit 9, p.24
Definition: ... as you can see, each 'line' of music consists of three staves, bracketed together on the left. A group of staves, such as these, which together comprise a single line of music, is called a system.
Taken from: Unit 14, p.15